Septic tanks “Cleaners”: device, principle of operation, an overview of popular modifications

Installing a septic tank for suburban housing has become as traditional as installing a water supply system or installing a heating system at home. Demand for treatment facilities entailed the development of an autonomous sewage market and the emergence of new brands.

One of them is called the Septic “Chistok” and functions due to anaerobic processing of sewage. We offer to understand the device, the principle of operation, operational advantages and disadvantages of a treatment plant.

To make it easier to navigate the selection of a suitable septic tank, we have prepared a detailed review of the various modifications of the “Cleaners”. The above information will help determine the purchase of a treatment plant and the organization of autonomous sewage on the site.

Device and principle of operation

The design of the device is not much different from analogues of other brands: these are monolithic thick-walled plastic tanks, divided into 2-3 cameras, each of which performs a specific function.

Depending on the performance, the installation may consist of one, two or even three tanks connected in series.

Appearance of a septic tank Chistok 2500. Technical characteristics of the model: tank volume - 2500 l, weight - 160 kg, productivity - 0.85 m³ / day. Designed to serve a home with a permanent residence of a family of 4-5 people

The main operating "weapons" are anaerobic bacteriathat develop in the complete absence of oxygen, that is, in sealed tanks.

They are in different numbers in both chambers: in the first, where primary fermentation and sedimentation take place, and in the second, which is a biofilter. Filtration is ensured by loading from synthetic fabric “Algae” and polymer fibers of the “Ruff” type.

Sewer drains go through several stages of processing, as a result of which they are cleaned by 90-95%. First, they fall into the sump, where mechanical separation and partial fermentation of the waste takes place.

Solid elements fall to the bottom and form a precipitate, fatty masses float to the surface and turn into a crust. The main part is made up of “gray” waters, which have not yet got rid of suspensions and flowing into the next chamber.

The scheme of the septic tank Chistok. The sealed reservoir is divided into two chambers: a sump and a biofilter. For technical maintenance of the cameras, two technical hatches are located located in the upper part of the structure (+)

Inside the second chamber, water falls under the influence of microflora, which increases the rate of fermentation. Bacteria make the final cleaning for the septic tank, suspensions remain at the bottom and filters.

Further, the liquid enters for additional treatment in the filtering well, trench or filter fieldwhere oxygen is present and aerobic microorganisms come into operation.

Thus, the work of the Chistok septic tank is built on the same principles as the use of similar anaerobic plants.

Characteristic qualities of “Chistok” installations

The quality of the sewage treatment plant is judged both by the manufacturer's warranty and by user reviews. Consider the estimates of both sides.

The manufacturer distinguishes the following advantages of a treatment plant:

• structural strength - tanks are made of polyethylene, and thick walls are formed in a seamless way, which guarantees tightness and resistance to external influences;
• ergonomics - the septic tank device is made on the principle of "compactness + maximum functionality + ease of maintenance";
• reliability - resistance to bulk volley emissions;
• quality of liquid purification by biofilter - two types of filter material (“Algae” and “Ruff”), as well as an increased loading volume increase the cleaning efficiency;
• durability - The warranty period is 50 years.

Users quickly appreciated such a plus as the lack of volatility.

With the anaerobic cleaning principle, equipment requiring power supply (for example, a compressor) is not installed, therefore, the device will always work, even in case of power outages.An important plus is the low cost of a completely ready-for-use construction.

Installation of LOU also earned a lot of positive reviews. Relatively light tanks that do not require long and complicated preparation can be installed independently or with the help of professionals. Installation Warranty - 3 years

The disadvantages include the need for regular pumping. The frequency depends on the rate of contamination. After each pumpdown, the vacated space should be filled with water.

Also, a drawback is the need to install an additional treatment device - filtration well or infiltrator, but this item applies to most types of VOCs.

Guidelines for choosing the appropriate modification

The choice of a treatment plant depends on its volume and productivity. To prevent users from wasting time calculating, the manufacturer analyzed important factors - the number of people living permanently and the presence of sewage discharge points - and compiled a convenient table.

Using the table, by the number of people and the number of plumbing units connected to the sewer, you can easily select the desired model. From the schematic image of the modifications it is easy to determine the design features (for example, the number of tanks) and the volume of tanks (it is included in the model names) (+)

How is the choice made? Suppose a family of 4 lives in a country cottage. The house has two bathrooms, a kitchen and two toilets. Guests visit only on weekends.

Manufacturer's recommendation - Chistok-3000. However, if a mother-in-law comes to visit for six months or in the family 2 children - newborn twin babies, it is better to establish Chistok-4000.

The increased volume is also an additional protection against volley discharge, and increased time intervals between visits to the dump trucks.

There are rules and recommendations according to which you can pick up a septic tankwithout performing complicated calculations:

Browse Popular Models

The range of septic tanks Chistok compiled taking into account the various requirements of potential buyers. Consider modifications that are in demand and arouse the interest of a greater number of residents of cottage and summer cottage villages in which there is no centralized sewage system.

Chistok Shar-1100 - compact summer cottage option

For owners of small summer cottages who do not leave their cozy possessions even in the cold season, a model of 1100 liters is provided. Productivity 350 L / day. designed for a family of 1-2 people, with an economical flow of water - from 3-4 people.

Title "Ball" The model received due to the shape of the case. The spherical tank made of durable plastic has a diameter of 1.366 m and a height of 1.753 m (with an extended neck - a little more). The weight of the container is only 70 kg (approximately like a washing machine) This means that it is easy to transport and install.

The installation diagram of the model "Ball" with an infiltrator. Mounting features: a leveled base, reinforced sprinkling, vent pipe up (to the roof), the use of a drain pump to force the liquid into the infiltrator (+)

Instead of a single infiltrator, you can install a couple or dig a filter well.

Despite the fact that the cleaning process takes place in a compact tank, the effluent goes through all stages:

• settling in the first chamber with the separation of solids and the emergence of fat;
• organic fermentation and partial clarification;
• anaerobic processing in a flat loading chamber;
• tertiary treatment in a well or an infiltrator.

The last stage is mandatory, since even the presence of a biofilter does not guarantee complete treatment of sewage. Direct release of liquid into the ground will entail pollution that is undesirable for the garden site.

The set of the “Shar-1100” model includes a polyethylene container with a volume of 1100 l, equipped with two nozzles (inlet and outlet), a filter (housing + loading), a filter holder, a hatch and a plug. The filter must be purchased separately.

If you properly equip the pit and comply with all installation rules, the septic tank will last at least 50 years. The cost of the model, as well as the volume, is minimal in the line of modifications - 20,280 rubles.

Chistok 2000 - the best solution for a small family

Like the Shar model, a septic tank Chistok 2000 used as the main element of the sewer system in the cottages and in country houses, as well as a temporary solution during the construction of large facilities.

Distinctive features of the Chistok-2000 treatment plant are the following:

• the shape of the tank body is cylindrical or cubic;
• productivity - 800 l / day .;
• weight - 125 kg;
• two technical hatches;
• double filtration.

Compared to the Shar, Chistok-2000 has a more complex design. Due to the increased load, the second chamber is equipped with two types of filters - polymer "ruffs" and fabric strips. Double wastewater treatment provides more efficient treatment.

The well-thought-out configuration of the hull prevents the structure from being pushed up during possible ground movement.

The length of the Chistok-2000 septic tank slightly exceeds the compact Shar (1.7 m), and the width (1.1 m) and height (1.65 m) are less than the spherical counterpart. Small dimensions for easier transport and installation

The package includes the following parts:

• a 2000 liter tank with two nozzles located on opposite sides;
• two types of filters - loading case + fabric;
• one ring - 30 cm;
• Luke;
• clamp for the filter;
• stub;
• separation membrane.

The cost of the device is 34,280 rubles. This model is suitable for various families with from 2 to 6 people.

When choosing, you should focus on water consumption and the number of daily drains. For example, with the active use of the toilet bowl, sink and bathtub (or shower) the volume is enough for 2-3 users, but if you spend water more economically and use only the toilet bowl and sink (cottage version), then the septic tank is suitable for 6 people.

Chistok-3000 - a universal model for a cottage

The manufacturer stated that the septic tank Chistok-3000 able to serve a family of 5-6 people.

The arguments are the technical specifications:

• working volume - 3000 l;
• productivity - up to 1200 l / day .;
• weight - 188 kg;
• dimensions - 2.35 m * 1.3 m * 1.65 m (LxWxH).

Indeed, a construction with a capacity of more than 1000 l / day. easily processes the waste of a large family, even if all residents of the cottage will actively use the toilet, bath and shower, regularly wash dishes and wash.

In case of economical use of water or unstable living of some family members, the installation is suitable for serving 10 people. This should be taken into account by the hospitable owners of country houses, within whose walls large groups of friends often gather.

Chistok-3000 weighs more than previous models, so for its transportation and installation it is necessary to order special equipment, and ideally, to assign all installation responsibilities to representatives of a company that sells septic tanks

It is appropriate to note that a professional installation sharply increases the cost of a treatment plant: instead of 45,400 rubles. will have to pay 87,480 rubles. - almost 2 times more.

Together with a 3000 liter model, 1 or 2 infiltrators (purchased separately) or a filter well are often installed. The installation of a drainage well by the company's specialists will increase the total cost by another 15,000 rubles.

Chistok-4000 - modification of 2 tanks

Volumetric treatment plant Chistok-4000 designed for 6-7 permanent residents.

Large families are not such a frequent occurrence, therefore, these models are purchased for servicing 2 houses or one full property, on the territory of which, in addition to the cottage, there are buildings that require a sewage system: a bathhouse, a summer kitchen, a large garage.

Design scheme and one of the installation options for the septic tank Chistok-4000: standard model + additional biofilter with drainage pump + two infiltrators (+)

A distinctive feature of the modification is the presence of two tanks instead of one. Thus, the functions of two chambers inside one container, separated by a membrane, are decomposed into two apparently identical devices. In the first, sediment sewage sludge settles, in the second - further sedimentation of suspended matter and double filtration.

The use of two tanks leads to an increase in productivity up to 1800 l / day. The length increases to 3.6 m, therefore, a large (elongated) pit is required. The cost of installation without installation and additional facilities is 51,740 rubles.

Chistok-9000 - maintenance of mini-hotels and sports facilities

To complete the review of the line, we will analyze the technical characteristics of the most voluminous model - a septic tank Chistok-9000consisting of three tanks.

The first two tanks are designed to protect the effluent, the third serves as a biofilter. The productivity of the installation is 2600 l / day., Length - 7 m, weight - 496 kg.

Model complete set: 3 containers (each with a pair of nozzles), 3 rings, 3 plugs, 3 hatch, two types of filters - fabric and “ruff” in a special case with a lock

The facility is installed to service houses in which 16-18 people live permanently. These are small hotels, country sports bases or groups of cottages. The cost of modification is 86 160 rubles, with installation - 176 220 rubles, with three infiltrators - 211 860 rubles, with a drainage well (1000 l) - 198 000 rubles.

Nuances of installation and operation

Long operation and operation of the installation without repair is ensured by the correct installation.

It includes the following steps:

• earthwork - digging and filling the foundation pit;
• if necessary - arrangement and leveling of the concrete base;
• installation and "anchoring" of a septic tank;
• setup and connection of the installation.

All actions are performed independently or enter into a service contract with company representatives. Maintenance is expensive, but guarantees professional installation of equipment, cleaning and removal of solid waste for 3 years.

Self-care consists in regular cleaning of sludge, which eventually accumulates on the bottom and walls of the tanks. It is recommended to leave about 20% of activated sludge so that microorganisms multiply faster and fully process organic matter.

When servicing a septic tank in winter, they adhere to special tactics, for more details, see this article.

If for some reason the bacteria die (chlorine ingestion), it is possible to use bioactivators for a septic tank, for example, a drug “Dr. Robik”.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

How various modifications of a septic tank may look:

Sectional biofilter and case wall thickness:

Thus, all Purge models are designed to treat wastewater within an autonomous sewage system. Thanks to the material of manufacture - high-strength polyethylene - the plants successfully operate in various regions of Russia even in the winter season.

The lineup consists of a dozen modifications that differ in design and performance, so choosing a suitable septic tank is not difficult.

Looking for a septic tank for a summer residence, a country house or a cottage complex? Or is there experience in the operation of treatment facilities at Chistok? Please share your experiences with readers, ask questions and participate in discussions. The comment form is located below.