Arrangement of ventilation from sewer pipes: the construction of ducts from polymer products

Properly made ventilation in a private house is the key to a healthy and comfortable microclimate in residential premises and the durability of building structures. Agree that the budget also plays an important role. If in a solid building you need an expensive system, then in a summer house it is most often optional.

The device ventilation ducts use a variety of materials. Among them, galvanized steel recommended by SNiPs, polymer and asbestos products, corrugation, brickwork, concrete and ceramic blocks. However, in cottages, ventilation from sewer pipes is constructed more often than the listed options.

We will talk about the pros and cons of such a solution. We’ll introduce you to tested in practice options for its implementation. Independent home craftsmen will find valuable recommendations on the construction of a ventilation network.

Sewer pipes: pros and cons

It would seem that you are doing ventilation, buy ventilation pipes. Moreover, the shops offer a large selection from different manufacturers. However, upon closer inspection, it turns out that ventilation plastic pipes with external similarity are 2, or even 5 times more expensive than sewer pipes.

First of all, it is, of course, color. Most often, ventilation pipes are produced in white, which is certainly more aesthetically pleasing in the context of internal integration into the interior. The color of the fan pipes is gray. However, this advantage is not significant if the ventilation duct passes through the wall, is sewn up with a duct or simply painted over in the color of the walls.

A ventilation system from sewer pipes will be much cheaper than from ventilation. Nobody wants to overpay, so it’s better to immediately find out all the differences and similarities between them

Let's look at the material of manufacture.Plastic pipes that are ventilating, that sewer are made of:

• polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• polypropylene (PP);
• polyethylene (PET or HDPE, LDPE).

That is, all the advantages of plastic products are inherent in both pipelines:

• ease;
• ease of installation;
• variety of fittings;
• tightness;
• smooth inner surface;
• impact resistance;
• non-susceptibility to any kind of corrosion processes;
• resistance to aggressive environments;
• antibacterial properties;
• electrical insulation;
• durability.

A huge number of fittings for creating pipelines, both sewer and ventilation, allows you to lay systems of various configurations.

In many respects, pipes made of plastic are preferable to those made of other materials. They are easier to install and less load on building structures.

We have listed the advantages, now let's touch on the shortcomings. By and large, they are also common to all plastic pipelines. The most important minus is combustibility. According to fire safety rules, no flammable materials in ventilation ducts should be used.

When laying plastic pipe from any pipes, the owner of the house receives a fire channel with constant excellent draft throughout the house. That is why for the purposes of fire safety, especially for wooden houses, there is always one recommendation: non-combustible materials - tin, galvanized, ceramic, concrete, brickwork.

Pipes of any configuration can be assembled from sewer pipes. For the formation of all types of nodes - turns, linear connections, branches, a wide range of shaped elements is produced

Some difficulties in the construction of the ventilation system will cause differences in pipe diameters. All standard ventilation systems are sharpened for diameters of 100mm, 125mm, 150mm, 200mm. And these are air ducts, fittings, fasteners and most importantly for forced systems - ventilation equipment (fans).

Standard diameters of sewer pipes are: 110mm, 160mm, 200mm. That is, they do not coincide with the diameter of the ventilation equipment.

All problems with the difference in the diameters of pipes and ventilation equipment are usually solved. If it is necessary to install a fan in the duct, it is installed using an adapter or a tight seal

Thus, to create a natural ventilation system in all respects (except for combustibility), sewer pipes and fittings are suitable. However, if you have to dock with an existing ventilation duct, or if you plan to use fans and other ventilation equipment, you will need to solve this issue.

If the difference in diameter is 1-2 mm, you can just put the device on the sealant. If the difference is greater, you will have to buy a coupling of the right size to join the pair. Another difference manufacturers point to ventilation pipes - the possibility of electrifying fan pipelines.

Periodic cleaning requires air ducts made of any materials. After all, the exhaust air flows carry dust, dust, fat, and animal hair suspended in them

When the air flow moves on the inner surface of the pipe, a static electric charge appears that attracts dust.

Moreover, this is true when the device hoods in the kitchenwhen burning, soot, particles of oil in the air are sucked into the ventilation. All this settles on the inner surface of the pipes and cokes with dust, narrowing the diameter of the working passage.

Manufacturers of ventilation pipes use antistatic treatment in their manufacture. However, if you think about it, then in the case of the kitchen, an antistatic agent is unlikely to help, but in normal ventilation there is not so much dust settling.

Natural ventilation for a private home is the most preferred option.It is easy to install and maintain, it does not have equipment that can periodically fail

In any case, there are no terrifying photos on the homeowners forums devoted to this issue with passages completely blocked with dust and dirt. Therefore, this aspect can be attributed to the field of marketing horror stories.

Ventilation system requirements

The requirements for the ventilation system for a private house are universal, that is, they do not depend on the materials from which it is mounted.

Natural ventilation from sewer pipes should provide the following volumes of air:

• for residential premises up to 20 sq.m. - 3 cubic meters per hour per person;
• for residential premises of 30 sq.m. and more - 30 cubic meters of air per hour per person;
• for kitchens equipped with electric stoves - more than 60 cubic meters;
• for technical rooms in which there is a gas boiler - 140 cubic meters;
• boiler room with a natural gas heat generator - 3-fold renewal;
• for bath and toilet - 25 cubic meters per hour;
• Laundry, drying - 90 cubic meters per hour;
• pantry, dressing room - multiplicity 0.2;
• study, library - 0.5 volumes per hour.

When using sewer pipes, you need to consider:

• plastic has a fairly limited range of operating temperatures - not more than 70 degrees, so sewer pipes can not be used for ventilation of saunas, baths, workshops;
• compatibility with fans and other equipment by joint diameter;
• plastic is unstable, i.e. it is able to expand when heated and return to its previous size when cooling, so you need to provide for the presence of compensating sections, for example, from the corrugation;
• the need for installation in some areas of insulation (in the attic);
• combination of ventilation pipelines with roof elements for installation on top of the roof covering.

For device forced cellar system, in the attic or attic, in residential premises, kitchens and bathrooms, calculations are carried out, taking into account the performance of fans and other equipment.

Calculation of pipes for ventilation installation

When calculating to create an effective ventilation system, 2 tasks are solved:

• the productivity of the entire system is calculated;
• the required amount of materials is calculated.

First of all, the required diameter of plastic ducts is calculated for all sections.

To determine the cross section of the ventilation ducts, the following actions are performed:

• the volume of premises is calculated according to the linear dimensions of each: height, length, width (data are multiplied);
• the received data is summarized;
• the necessary amount of air is determined for replacement in 1 hour in living rooms, a boiler room, a boiler room, and bathrooms. For a quick calculation, you can accept the norm: updating the entire volume of air in residential buildings once per hour;
• the result is rounded to a larger number;
• the diameter of the ducts is determined by the table, taking into account the speed of air flow and their volume.

To install the air outlet from the kitchen and boiler room, you need to use pipes with a diameter of 150mm or 200mm.

To facilitate and accelerate the process of selecting the optimal pipe diameter by heat engineers, a monogram has been developed. If there is no desire to spend time on calculations, it is better to use it or take the averaged values ​​recommended by SNiPs

Features of the ventilation device of a private house

In private homes, natural ventilation systems are arranged much more often - they are cheaper and easier. Often, only one element can be noted for the forced removal of exhaust gases - cooker hood, with the calculations for the device which will familiarize us with the article recommended by us.

So, how to organize the movement of air flows, for example, in a one-story house:

1. Automatic valves should be installed in window profiles or in external walls, as modern windows are airtight.
2. Between the kitchen and the bathroom (if they are nearby) in the partition immediately placed a block of 3 vertical shafts leading through the attic to the roof.
3. For the passage of air under the interior doors, gaps up to 1 cm wide are arranged. If there are no gaps, then intake grilles are mounted near the doorways or in the door leaf.
4. Cooker hood is connected to a separate channel. In addition to the main function, it performs an additional - takes on part of the load - can remove up to 100 cubic meters of air. This can be taken into account when calculating the diameter of pipes for kitchen ventilation.
5. 2 separate shafts lead to the kitchen and bathroom.
6. Due to the natural draft in these 2 channels, the air from the living quarters will rush into the corridor, and from it to the exhaust grilles.

In advance, you need to make a detailed plan of laying highways and bends. Ducts must be laid along the shortest path from the air inlet to the exhaust. On the diagram, exhaust openings in the walls and passages through the ceiling, docking points should be marked.

Ventilation ducts should have a minimum of bends and branches, and the hood should be placed strictly vertically. The length of horizontal sections should not exceed 3 meters, and air ducts should be additionally fastened with fasteners.

The more detailed the ventilation scheme is, the easier it will be to implement. Air intake during natural ventilation is carried out through the intake located in the basement or lower part of the wall, exhaust through ventilation openings and channels located under the ceiling or in the upper ceiling

For a natural ventilation device, the height of the exhaust duct must be at least 5 m. Otherwise there will be weak traction. Otherwise, fans will need to be installed in the channels of the upper floors, and this will translate the circuit into a combined one, i.e. partially mechanical type.

Fresh air inflow can be:

1. infiltration - through windows, slots, ventilators in window systems;
2. controlled - through climate control systems.

An exhaust duct is usually placed 250mm below the ceiling.

System assembly features

To achieve greater tightness, it is more convenient to assemble the channels in blocks, and then mount them in assembled blocks. This is solely a matter of build convenience. It is better to start laying with the installation of individual channels in the kitchen, in the bathroom or in the bathroom.

Mark the direction of air flow immediately on the diagram. So it will be easier to develop optimal routes for laying ventilation ducts and choose places to place system components

The holes in the floors are made so that the pipe can easily enter into place. Initially, the hole with the pipe can be fixed with a rag, then the fixation is fixed with a mounting foam.

Commonly used pipe fittings are:

• tees (on the interface / branching sections of the system);
• bends and knees (in areas of channel turns);
• adapters (when connecting pipes of different sections).

Installation of fans locking check valves, recuperators are done before the final fixation of the vents. The final fixation to the structures with fasteners or clamps is carried out after assembly of the entire site. Before tightening the clamps for the last time, the system is checked for operability.

Link Aggregation Requirements

The kitchen channel cannot be combined with others. Do not combine a kitchen exhaust duct with cooker hood. The hood should have its own duct. In many modern models of cooker hoods, there is a remote unit that is installed in the attic.

Only the same type of channels are combined - this is a bathroom, a bathroom, technical rooms, and a laundry. You can combine exhaust pipes from several bathrooms, but with the installation of check valves to prevent the transfer of odors from one toilet to another.

Usually 3-4 ventilation ducts go into the attic space. For them, they usually arrange a common ventilation shaft, folded with brick or concrete blocks. This is necessary to mask communications and protect them from mechanical influences.

It is not recommended to arrange ventilation ducts in the external walls - condensation will form there due to the temperature difference. When connecting polymer pipes and fittings it is better to seal the cuff installation sites with silicone for greater tightness and durability of the joints.

It is undesirable to lay ducts in the internal bearing walls. They will certainly significantly weaken the structures on which a considerable load is distributed.

No ventilation ducts can be led into the chimney. If the channel from plastic pipes passes near the chimney, the installation of a heat shield made of non-combustible material will be required.

Passage of ventilation ducts through the roof

The easiest option to do vent pipe outlet through the roof - draw it through the ridge. For pitched roofs, the best solution would be to install a ventilation pipe near the ridge.

How high should the ventilation pipe be:

• if it is located next to the smoke, it should be equal to its height;
• over a flat roof, it should rise more than half a meter;
• if the pipe is one and a half meters from the ridge, it should be half a meter or more higher than the ridge;
• if the pipe is located from a ridge at a distance of 1.5 meters to 3 meters, it should be at a height flush with the ridge;
• if it is more than 3 meters away from the ridge, then it can be lower than the ridge, the height is determined by constructing a drawing with an angle of 10 degrees from the ridge;
• from the head of the ventilation pipe to the nearest window should be at least 3.5 meters.

More precisely, the height of the pipe can be calculated by its diameter. All necessary data can be found in the table below.

The length of the pipes is shown in the horizontal upper row, and the duct width in the left vertical column. In the cells of the table - the equivalent values ​​of the diameter of the duct

The optimal way to output several ducts through the roof is to combine them into a ventilation shaft. It can accommodate up to 6 pipes.

It is much easier to make and seal one opening in the roof for a common vertical structure than to cut several holes for the output of round pipes.

All ducts and chimneys can be combined in one duct.

So that the pipes on the street do not freeze in the supply and exhaust systems, they are sheathed with insulation and lined. Also, pipes in an unheated attic, or passing through unheated rooms, are necessarily insulated. Hygroscopic materials are used for thermal insulation: mineral wool, polyurethane or polyethylene insulation.

Today, polyethylene insulation is very popular. Foamed polyethylene is a finished shell-shell for pipes. To isolate them, just put them on the pipe and glue them along the seam. Some manufacturers also produce sticky-based foam insulation.

Insulate the ventilation pipes to prevent condensation. Insulation with other materials is fixed to the duct with metal wire strapping or plastic clamps

After laying the thermal insulation, final fixation to the load-bearing beams or to the roof structure is carried out.After final fixation, a deflector or any other protective device is installed on the roof to protect the mouth of the ventilation pipes from atmospheric water, dusty suspension, wind-borne branches and other contaminants.

Stages of assembly of the ventilation system

The sequence of assembly of the ventilation system:

1. Marking - on the walls and ceilings marked the places of passage of communication with the points of mounting fixtures.
2. Mounting fixtures on pre-marked locations.
3. Collecting a common vent riser.
4. Collection of individual air ducts from the interior.
5. Installation of semi-assembled ducts and riser.
6. Connection of branches of the ventilation system.
7. Sealing compounds.
8. Installation of fans, valves and other devices that increase traction.
9. The output of pipes through the roof.
10. Insulation of duct sections in unheated rooms.

Thus, the construction of a ventilation system from sewer pipes does not have fundamental differences with the installation of ventilation systems from special pipes - ventilation.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

An example of assembling a ventilation system in a video:

The following video will introduce the specifics of constructing a ventilation system in a private house:

The issue of using sewer pipes for the ventilation system of a private house is due to their affordable cost, good tightness and ease of assembly. Do-it-yourself ventilation from plastic sewer pipes will delight residents of the house with their efficiency and durability for a long time.

Want to share your own experience in constructing a ventilation system from ordinary sewer pipes? Do you have useful information and technological subtleties that may be useful to site visitors? Please leave comments in the block below, ask questions, post a photo on the topic of the article.