Types of gas burners for heating furnaces: device options and installation methods in the furnace

Switching a brick or metal stove to gas processing is not an easy process, requiring serious analysis of all components. It is imperative to find out which types of gas burners are ideal for furnaces and which are not worth installing. After all, the result should meet exactly your requirements.

It would seem that the choice of model can be entrusted to gas workers, they are also entrusted with the alteration of the burner block and the installation of the burner itself. But where is the guarantee that the equipment that you are offered to install will have the necessary operating parameters and the desired functionality?

In this article we will tell you how to independently understand the types of gas burners, the basic rules for their installation and operation, so that you can consciously choose which device to install in the heating furnace.

Pros and cons of using a burner for heating

Gas burner - a device that, by mixing air with natural or liquefied gas and feeding the mixture to the outlet, forms a torch and distributes the flame. It provides efficient combustion of fuel and regulation of the combustion process.

Advantages of using gas burners for heating furnaces:

• Ease of use. Gas burners greatly simplify the heating of furnaces, eliminating the need for solid fuel and constant combustion.
• Controllability of the heating process. Simple models, without automation, need to be turned off on their own as soon as the temperature reaches the required level, leaving only the wick lit. Burners with a control panel greatly simplify life by setting the temperature regime more precisely.
• Security. Automatic nozzles have the functions of protection against overheating, turn off the gas supply in case of poor traction or lack of flame.
• Minimum flue duct contamination. A planned inspection of the chimney is carried out once a year, more for prevention - there is little soot from the combustion of gases.

The transition from solid fuel equipment to heating with gas burner devices greatly simplifies life, freeing up a lot of time for more interesting and useful activities.

Gas burners are intended for heating private houses, baths, industrial buildings - the purpose must be taken into account when choosing the type of equipment

The main disadvantage of refitting the stove by installing a gas block is its not very high energy efficiency. High fuel consumption is especially felt if gas heating system in a country house designed by an amateur.

In addition, it is not always possible to obtain permission to install a gas burner - if the stove is out of date, the chimney is of an improper design or the parameters of the room do not comply with fire safety standards.

Gas burner selection: types and specifications

The main elements of a gas burner are a mixer and a burner nozzle with a device that stabilizes the flame. Depending on the purpose, the models differ in their designs.

To maximize the capabilities of gas injectors, you need to install equipment with automation. You can also stop on a device that can work not only on gas, but also on diesel fuel, fuel oil

When choosing a gas burner for installation in an oven, pay attention to the following characteristics:

• coefficient of performance (COP);
• power of the heating device;
• energy efficiency
• flame length;
• safety;
• optionality.

The operating parameters of the gas burner must take into account the chemical composition of the fuel, the purpose and characteristics of the room, the conditions of use - a house or a bathhouse, industrial furnace or home-made wood, for constant or periodic heating, etc. In the technical passport, the scope of the device is indicated on the burner.

Types of stove gas burners for home or bath

More carefully, the device and the principle of operation of gas burners for domestic heating furnaces should be studied by separately considering two main types of equipment - atmospheric and pressurized options. Their method and speed of mixing gas with air are distinguished.

Atmospheric gas burners

The design of the atmospheric burner device is simple, and consists of one or more hollow tubes into which gas is supplied under pressure. The gas, mixed with air coming directly from the room, forms a fuel-air mixture and is ignited using piezo ignition or electric lighters.

Atmospheric burner device on the example of an AGG gas burner device designed to operate on natural gas and installed in bath furnaces

For normal operation of the atmospheric gas burner, it is necessary to provide good traction, an effective ventilation system. The main disadvantage of the device is that any change in the movement of air leads to changes in the proportion of the gas-air mixture, and therefore to an uneven combustion process.

Air enters the atmospheric burner by natural draft. The final mixing takes place in the furnace chamber, where the gas gradually burns out

With a lack of oxygen, the burner does not completely burn gas, which leads to the withdrawal of a significant part of the unused fuel into the atmosphere through the chimney channel serving the heating unit.

An example of the technical characteristics of atmospheric gas burners UGOP 12, 16, 30. Pay attention to the main parameters: thermal power, nominal gas pressure, shutdown time in the event of fading of the ignition burner or lack of draft, size of the nozzle for gas supply

Pressurized gas burner

Supercharged gas burners or, as they are also called, blowers, fans, blowers are devices where gas is mixed with air using a fan, the gas-air mixture enters a closed chamber and burns there.

The operation of the nozzles of a gas burner installed in a closed combustion chamber depends little on the state of the atmosphere in the room. The air supply intensity is controlled by changing the fan speed.

Blast gas burners can be adjusted to any power, and also use liquefied gas as fuel

High-quality air supply and mixing with gas provides a more complete combustion of fuel. Supercharged burners are on average twice as efficient as atmospheric equipment — their efficiency is 95–98%. The equipment works stably even at low gas pressure and does not require the installation of a bulky chimney.

Instead of a standard chimney system paired with a blast burner coaxial chimney, which can be taken out through the wall located next to the stove.

The air for the operation of pressurized burners is forced by a fan, which also creates the necessary pressure and regulates the pressure of the flame

The main disadvantage of the device is its dependence on the energy source, high noise level, and a higher price than atmospheric burners. But short-flame models of ventilator gas burners can be installed in wood-burning stoves. The main condition for use, in this case, is that the flame should not abut against the walls of the furnace.

In fact, there are many more ways to supply air and gas to the burners. For installation in a home oven, there is no need to study everything, since in the production of small household devices only a few of them are used.

a - diffusion burner b - injection with a central gas supply, single-torch; c - injection multi-torch; g - injection, with a central gas supply, multi-nozzle; d - the same, but flat-flared; e - injection with peripheral fuel supply; g - with air supply, central gas supply and axial swirler; h - the same with snail air supply and peripheral fuel supply; and - the same, with tangential air supply

Having decided on the type of gas burner, you can continue to study the features of individual models, their functionality.

Differences in Power Management Method

The ability to adjust the thermal power of the burner plays an important role in organizing the process of heating the room. This is especially true of those houses where permanent residence is planned.

In terms of controllability, furnace gas burners can be divided into two categories:

• Single stage. Gas is supplied to the nozzle without the ability to affect power. If the device is automated, then upon reaching a certain temperature level, the burner will turn off and then turn on again when the room becomes cooler.
• Two-stage. Two combustion modes, normal and economical, are automatically regulated and allows you to maintain a more or less stable temperature in the room. Fewer switching on and off reduces wear on parts and extends the life of the device.

Two-stage devices are divided into models with floating adjustment or modulated. Power can vary from 10 to 100% or more, and precisely set a comfortable temperature in the house. The gas burner device can be with an automatic type of regulation, mechanical or pneumatic.

The ability to regulate thermal power allows not only to establish the optimal temperature regime, but also to save energy. For example, fuel economy when using a modulated gas burner reaches 15-20%.

Additional design features

In order not to use lighters or wicks to ignite the furnace, the gas burner design provides two ways of ignition:

• electric ignition - requires connection to the mains;
• piezo ignition - used in simpler models of burners and does not require power supply.

The installation of special sensors that monitor the oxygen level allows you to detect flame attenuation and turn off the fuel supply. This function protects against gas leakage and emergency situations.

Some models of equipment involve working not only with natural and liquefied gas, but also with diesel fuel. When choosing such models, pay attention to how easy and fast this transition is.

Safety instructions for using burners

Failure to observe the precautions when installing and using gas burner devices for space heating can lead to emergency situations and accidents: a house fire, carbon monoxide poisoning.

When operating gas equipment, the following rules should be followed:

• Observe the service life. The burner usage time, depending on the model, can be from 8 to 15 years. Then it must be replaced.
• Use models with the function to automatically turn off the device in the absence of traction or flame.
• An oven equipped with gas burner units must meet safety requirements.

Design, installation or repair of a gas burner must be carried out by certified employees of the gas management service, with whom contract signed for the supply of fuel and maintenance of units.

If possible, it is nevertheless necessary to use gas boilers or special furnaces that are designed to work with natural or liquefied gas

To obtain permission to install and connect to the main gas network, a number of conditions must be met:

• compliance with the rules for connecting a gas burner;
• appropriate design of the smoke channel, its high-quality insulation;
• installation of a spark arrester at the top of the chimney.

This is the minimum number of requirements for installing a blast gas burner.

For atmospheric requirements are additional:

• the presence of adjustable traction;
• providing good ventilation;
• volume of the room in which the gas burner device is installed, from 12 m³.

In case of transfer of equipment to use of liquefied gas it is necessary to ensure safe storage of the gas cylinder. It can be a separate room or a metal cabinet. If it is planned to store gas reserves in a gas tank, then the tank is installed underground at a distance no closer than 5 m from the building.

Installation of a gas burner in a heating furnace

We remind you that it is forbidden to install gas equipment on your own. However, it will not hurt to get acquainted with the nuances of installing a gas burner in the furnace.

So, the installation of a gas burner is permissible in furnaces in which the length, shape, nature and temperature of the flame can be adapted to the nature of the material of the combustion chamber. The flame should not touch the walls, but should be freely located in the furnace space. If it is a brick wall, then the firebox should be laid out of refractory bricks.

Before installation, check the walls of the stove for cracks, voids, unfinished joints, through which combustion products can enter the room. The room into which the furnace door exits must have an opening window, a ventilation duct and a gap in the door for air to enter from below.

Gas burners of any type are characterized by the creation of high temperatures - more than 1000 ° C in the combustion chamber. When installing a gas burner in an oven, make sure that the flame does not touch the walls.

The installation process itself is not complicated and is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Remove the firebox door.
2. A burner is placed in the furnace space.
3. The shield is fixed in the frame of the door.
4. Connect the automation according to the manufacturer's instructions.

At the end of installation, connect the burner to a hose, the other end of which is connected to a gas source.

Installation of a burner using the example of an AGG gas burner device: stage of mounting a gas burner unit in a furnace with dismantling an ash pan

The start-up of the system is carried out by the master from the gas service, he checks the operation of the nozzles, the system automatic adjustment and safety, sets up and tests the triggering of sensors.

Installation of a gas burner in an industrial furnace using the example of an AGG gas burner device. Connection of automation, placement of the remote control and thermal bulb

Another step is the audit of the tightness of all joints, the presence of traction. After a successful start of the system, the gasman must issue a completed control ticket for the installation of the burner.

When starting heating, you must first select the minimum thermal power, heating the furnace continuously and gradually or, if there is no power control, cyclically turning the burner on and off. This is especially important for a brick furnace - strong continuous heating of a cooled brick can lead to cracking.

General rules for installing a chimney for a furnace

Another condition for the normal operation of the gas stove is a chimney device. For gas-fired furnaces, the smoke ducts should be vertical, without ledges. The design of the chimney of a wood-burning stove is often not suitable for the removal of gas combustion products.

The slope of the chimney is allowed, but not more than 30 °, and provided that the cross-section of the pipes on the inclined sections is not less than the cross-section of the pipes installed vertically

Convert the old chimney by sleeve. Upgrade Options:

• Installation of a stainless steel pipe in the chimney channel. In this case, the diameter and height of the pipe should be selected corresponding to the characteristics of the chimney channel. The gap between the walls of the chimney and the pipe is filled with a non-combustible heat-insulating material such as expanded clay, foam glass.
• Application of FuranFlex technology. The method consists in placing an elastic polymer pipe inside the channel, which under pressure takes its shape and hardens. The protective layer is used for insulation, sealing and internal protection of the chimney.

If no option for altering the chimney is suitable, you will have to install a new one. Depending on the location of the stove, two options for the installation of the chimney are possible: external side or internal.

The influence of the characteristics of the chimney on the safety of heating is such that it will be checked by the Fire Supervision Authority with the subsequent issuance of a written act, without which the equipment will not be connected to the gas networks.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Installation of a gas burner with automatic equipment in the furnace:

General information on the operation of gas burners:

Studying the variety of models and functions of gas burners for furnaces, special attention must be paid to safety.

Any actions related to the design and installation must be coordinated with the gas supply organization, and the installation should be entrusted to an experienced craftsman. Before buying a gas burner, it is also better to consult with gas workers.

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